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A Model Migration
Photograph by Allison K. Shaw
To fully understand the cues individuals use and the decisions they make during the migration process, researchers must be able to track and manipulate individuals throughout their full migration. This is nearly impossible to do with most birds and mammals that migrate, but it could be easily done with Christmas Island red crabs. NGS/Waitt grantee Alison Shaw took the first step towards determining what cues red crabs use during their migration, and what variability exists in the decisions individuals make to migrate, especially with respect to key factors such as age, sex, and condition
Pictured: Tens of millions of red crabs inhabit Christmas Island in the Indian Ocean. The crabs' have a surprising and perilous migration from the island's interior to the sea.
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Making Their Way
Photograph by Allison K. Shaw
The word “migration” evokes images of vast numbers of animals on the move—from swarms of monarch butterflies clouding the sky to herds of wildebeest on the African plains. The question of how individuals migrate is thought to be one of the current top questions in science. Shaw examined the Christmas Island red crab's improbable migration to the sea, and the forces that prompt and guide all animal migrations.
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Traffic Jam
Photograph by Allison K. Shaw
Any crabs that don't migrate won't reproduce that year. Those conducting past studies noticed that there were a bunch of adults in the middle of the island during migration that weren't participating. I saw that myself while I was there, and the question came up: If you're a species that has to migrate in order to reproduce, why would you ever skip, why would you ever postpone?
Allison Shaw is a NGS/Waitt grantee. Read her full interview with NatGeo News Watch.
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Ready for the Journey
Photograph by Allison K. Shaw
"Some crabs are fully aquatic, some hang out on the beach and need to spend their time in the water, and some are fully terrestrial. All land crabs have eggs that have to develop in seawater, so all land crabs have to make some sort of trip back to the water."
Allison Shaw is a NGS/Waitt grantee. Read her full interview with NatGeo News Watch.
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Hanging In
Photograph by Allison K. Shaw
"My background is actually in applied math and biology, so a lot of my interests are in modeling as well. I talked to a bunch of people who worked on migration, and I discovered that most work on migration is done at a very specific level. People who study a particular species of bird study its migratory pattern because they're interested in that bird. Any summaries on migration that are done are done at a taxa level, so there are summaries of bird migration, summaries of fish migration, mammal migration, insect migration. But there's not much work that's been done to span different groups and to try to come up with general patterns of migration."
Allison Shaw is a NGS/Waitt grantee. Read her full interview with NatGeo News Watch.
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Standing Out in a Crowd
Photograph by Allison K. Shaw
"At the broadest level, animals are migrating because it pays for them to spend part of their lives in one area and the rest of their lives in a different area. That seems to be related to different food distributions, different levels of predation, different needs in their life cycles (so whether they need to be focusing on accumulating resources versus spending their times reproducing). It's generally understood that all those factors are important, but how they interact is less well put together."
Allison Shaw is a NGS/Waitt grantee. Read her full interview with NatGeo News Watch.
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Keeping in Touch
Photograph by Allison K. Shaw
"Before I learned about the Christmas Island red crabs, I had never heard of a land crab. The idea that there were these crabs that live in the rain forest and have to migrate to the ocean, but the adults can't survive in water, was a crazy concept for me. There are actually quite a few species of land crabs where the adults are terrestrial."
Allison Shaw is a NGS/Waitt grantee. Read her full interview with NatGeo News Watch.
Explorers Journal
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Steady Hands and Fins
Photographer David Doubilet photographs stingrays, sharks, and more.
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Survival Guide: Dodging Locusts
Swarm behaviorist Iain Couzin has a toxic reaction to a locust at the same time his team runs out of food.
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Explorers A-Z
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Explorers by Category
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Google Science Fair
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Explorers to Judge at Google Science Fair
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Listen: Explorer Interviews
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00:08:00 Bruce Bachand
Many people picture archaeology as the swashbuckling adventure portrayed in the Indiana Jones trilogy. But in reality, it can be much more tedious than discovering the Holy Grail and fighting Nazis. National Geographic grantee Bruce Bachand has been meticulously sewing a 3,000 bead necklace back together in Mexico after discovering a pre-Olmec burial site that housed a tribal chief and his wife, undisturbed for several centuries.
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00:09:00 Catherine Jaffee
Turkey is famed for its honey, which is music to Boyd's ears—he has a notorious sweet tooth. He visited National Geographic grantee Cat Jaffee, a beekeeper who left her job in Washington, D.C. to make honey in rural Turkey. She says that bees harvest pollen from their surroundings: the best honey comes from bees with natural surroundings, large meadows, rather than urban environments. Most people, Jaffee says, eat honey that is basically a synthetic mix of sugars from all over the world.
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00:09:00 Elizabeth Lindsey
Most of human history existed before the advent of GPS technologies that can pinpoint where we are at any time. National Geographic Fellow and ethnonavigation expert, Elizabeth Lindsey has taken it upon herself to understand what it was like for Polynesian explorers to colonize tiny, remote islands across the south Pacific Ocean. To better appreciate the skills it takes to study the clouds and winds in search of land, Lindsey plans to join a team of Polynesian women who are island-hopping using traditional methods: no GPS, no cellphones and no compass.
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00:11:00 Gerlinde Kaltenbrunner(blurb here)
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00:11:00 Lucy Cooke
Lucy Cooke
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00:11:00 Wade Davis
How did the death and destruction of World War One lead young British climbers to attempt an epic conquest of Mount Everest? National Geographic Explorer in Residence Wade Davis answers that question in his new book “Into the Silence: The Great War, Mallory, and the Conquest of Everest.” Davis joins Boyd in the studio to chat about the book.
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00:09:00 Joshua Ponte Audio
National Geographic Emerging Explorer Joshua Ponte was a successful young English entrepreneur when, over breakfast one morning, his eye fell on a newspaper ad that said "Gorilla Reintroduction Program, Gabon." His life has never been the same since. Pursuing his passion for conservation, Ponte moved to a central African forest where 13 orphaned gorillas were being studied. Boyd talks with Ponte about the joys and dangers of raising young gorillas.
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00:11:00 Nathan Wolfe
National Geographic Emerging Explorer and virus hunter Nathan Wolfe says there is a disease pandemic lurking just around the corner. But, we can prepare ourselves. Wolfe says there are even ways to harness and use the power of viruses. Wolfe joins Boyd to talk about his new book, The Viral Storm: The Dawn of a New Pandemic Age, which is changing the way we think about viruses.
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00:11:00 Dereck and Beverly Joubert
National Geographic Explorers-in-Residence Dereck and Beverly Joubert capture astounding images of African wildlife in their beautiful films. The Jouberts live in the African bush alongside the lions and other animals they profile. They explain to Boyd that, because big cats are in such danger, their work is now focused on conservation projects such as the Cause an Uproar program.
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00:11:00 Lee Berger Audio
National Geographic grantee and paleoanthropologist Lee Berger has been searching for the fossils of human ancestors, but it was his 9-year-old son who stumbled upon the find of a lifetime: a partial skeleton that may very well change our understanding of the genus Homo.
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00:07:59 Brad Norman
Some go swimming with dolphins or stingrays, Brad Norman, National Geographic Emerging Explorer and marine conservationist, talks about swimming with the largest fish in the world: the whale shark. Norman speaks with Boyd about his research concerning whale shark habitats, tracking and conservation.
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00:11:00 Losang Rabgey
National Geographic Emerging Explorer Losang Rabgey has found her life's work in strengthening rural communities on the Tibetan plateau, which includes building schools to educate local students. Rabgey joins Boyd with updates on the successful work of Machik, the non-profit she founded and now directs.
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00:11:00 Sylvia Earle
National Geographic Explorer in Residence Sylvia Earle has been deeper undersea than any other woman. Earle is an oceanographer, explorer, author, lecturer, field scientist, and an inspiration to women around the world. She recently received the Royal Geographic Society’s 2011 Patron’s Medal. Boyd talks to Earle about some of her early dives in the Jim Suit.
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00:06:00 Valerie Clark
National Geographic grantee Valerie Clark licks frogs for a living. As Clark tells Boyd, she’s not looking for Prince Charming. Instead, she is studying how the diet of frogs in Madagascar relates to the toxicity of their skin.
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00:11:00 Bob Ballard
Boyd heads out of the studio to join National Geographic Explorer-in-Residence Bob Ballard aboard his vessel the E/V Nautilus. Currently in Turkey, Ballard tells Boyd about the many shipwrecks he is finding in the Mediterranean. You can follow Ballard and his team, live as they explore the ocean at www.nautiluslive.org.

