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Orchid Bee, Panama
Photograph by Christian Ziegler
National Geographic Emerging Explorer Martin Wikelski received multiple Committee for Research and Exploration grants to study the individual migration strategies of dragonflies and songbirds with newly developed miniaturized radio transmitters.
His work also includes monitoring various insects, including bees like this Euglossin, or orchid, bee, shown here visiting the spectacular flower of a Catasetum orchid in Panama. Wikelski is pioneering the use of super-small radio tracking tags that fit on the backs of bees, a technological breakthrough that may provide him and other scientists with a direct view of the pollinators' flight patterns.
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Orchid Bee With Radio Transmitter
Photograph by Christian Ziegler
One of Wikelski's tiny radio transmitters is attached to the back of a Euglossin bee. Once the bee is released in the rain forest in Panama, its movement will be studied.
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Bumblebee With Transmitter
Photograph by Christian Ziegler
A bumblebee in Princeton fitted with a tiny radio transmitter visits a rhododendron flower. The data collected from these transmitters could someday help scientists understand what's causing the decline of bumblebees—and how to harness other kinds of bees to protect food supplies.
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Checking Tracking Devices
Photograph by Christian Ziegler
Wikelski examines the antennae under each wing of his plane, which will help him locate migrating dragonflies—including swamp darners (Epiaeschna heros)—in southern New Jersey and Delaware that he has outfitted with radio transmitters.
The dragonflies start in Cape May, New Jersey, and travel northward and southward during their spring and fall migrations, respectively. Using this small plane and an existing tracking vehicle, Wikelski followed migrating individuals for up to five days.
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Dragonfly Transmitter Attached
Photograph by Christian Ziegler
Wikelski attaches a tiny radio transmitter to a dragonfly in Cape May, New Jersey. In 2005, this was the smallest available transmitter, custom-made by a specialist and weighing only 0.01 ounces (300 milligrams). Today, transmitters weigh a mere .006 ounces (170 milligrams)! Still, this one was light enough to attach with just a bit of eyelash glue and superglue. With this technology, Wikelski discovered that one dragonfly flew a whopping 100 miles (160 kilometers) in a single day.
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Long-Distance Dragonfly Migration
Photograph by Christian Ziegler
The large-scale migration of dragonflies is a well-known phenomenon among entomologists, but not as well-known to the general public. Twenty-five to 50 of the approximately 5,200 dragonfly species worldwide are thought to be migratory. A total of 14 dragonfly species are common long-distance migrants in North America, flying annually north and south throughout much of the continent. In fact, migrating dragonflies are so commonly seen along migratory bird routes that they are often included at hawk watches, such as at the Hawk Mountain Sanctuary in Pennsylvania.
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Preflight Check
Photograph by Christian Ziegler
Dr. Michael May holds a dragonfly in Cape May. The dragonfly will soon be equipped with a tiny radio transmitter that will allow scientists to learn about these insects' long migrations.
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Outfitting the Flock
Photograph by Christian Ziegler
Wikelski organizes the array of radio transmitters to be used on migrant white-crowned sparrows. The birds were equipped with transmitters outside Princeton, New Jersey.
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Sparrow Equipped With Transmitter
Photograph by Christian Ziegler
This white-crowned sparrow has been equipped with a radio transmitter attached to its back. Every year, roughly one billion neotropical migrant songbirds cross the North American continent on their way to breeding and wintering grounds. Wikelski compared the paths the adult sparrows took to those of the juveniles and discovered that adult sparrows "remembered" the paths they had taken the previous winter while juveniles did not.
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Sparrow Release
Photograph by Christian Ziegler
Wikelski releases a sparrow with a radio transmitter attached to its back. He can now record the movement of this bird for six hours or 360 miles (580 kilometers).
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White-Crowned Sparrow With Transmitter
Photograph by Christian Ziegler
A red antenna sticks out from under the feathers of a white-crowned sparrow with a radio transmitter attached to its back. Wikelski’s experiment indicates that the navigational map of adult white-crowned sparrows encompasses at least the continental U.S. and allows them to correct for vast displacements very rapidly (within days, at least), hinting that migratory birds may possess a global navigational map.
Emerging Explorer and Grantee
Migration Projects and Grants
Explorers Journal
- Connecting Indigenous People All Around the World
- New Orleans BioBlitz, 18th-Century Edition
- Sylvia Earle’s 19th “Hope Spot” Named in Bering Sea Canyons
- Strengthening the Bond Between Children and Nature
- Live Blogging the National Geographic Geography Bee
- Great ‘Bayou Diversity’ Revealed by Jean Lafitte BioBlitz
- How Do Frogs Colonize Oceanic Islands?
- Will Shrinking Rivers Force Kurdistan’s Nomads to Abandon Their Lifestyle?
- Passenger Ship Spots Illegal Fishing Activity
- Taking Risks to Reach the Top
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Steady Hands and Fins
Photographer David Doubilet photographs stingrays, sharks, and more.
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Survival Guide: Dodging Locusts
Swarm behaviorist Iain Couzin has a toxic reaction to a locust at the same time his team runs out of food.
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Google Science Fair
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Explorers to Judge at Google Science Fair
The event features worldwide participation and life-changing prizes.
Listen: Explorer Interviews
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00:08:00 Bruce Bachand
Many people picture archaeology as the swashbuckling adventure portrayed in the Indiana Jones trilogy. But in reality, it can be much more tedious than discovering the Holy Grail and fighting Nazis. National Geographic grantee Bruce Bachand has been meticulously sewing a 3,000 bead necklace back together in Mexico after discovering a pre-Olmec burial site that housed a tribal chief and his wife, undisturbed for several centuries.
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00:09:00 Catherine Jaffee
Turkey is famed for its honey, which is music to Boyd's ears—he has a notorious sweet tooth. He visited National Geographic grantee Cat Jaffee, a beekeeper who left her job in Washington, D.C. to make honey in rural Turkey. She says that bees harvest pollen from their surroundings: the best honey comes from bees with natural surroundings, large meadows, rather than urban environments. Most people, Jaffee says, eat honey that is basically a synthetic mix of sugars from all over the world.
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00:09:00 Elizabeth Lindsey
Most of human history existed before the advent of GPS technologies that can pinpoint where we are at any time. National Geographic Fellow and ethnonavigation expert, Elizabeth Lindsey has taken it upon herself to understand what it was like for Polynesian explorers to colonize tiny, remote islands across the south Pacific Ocean. To better appreciate the skills it takes to study the clouds and winds in search of land, Lindsey plans to join a team of Polynesian women who are island-hopping using traditional methods: no GPS, no cellphones and no compass.
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00:11:00 Gerlinde Kaltenbrunner(blurb here)
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00:11:00 Lucy Cooke
Lucy Cooke
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00:11:00 Wade Davis
How did the death and destruction of World War One lead young British climbers to attempt an epic conquest of Mount Everest? National Geographic Explorer in Residence Wade Davis answers that question in his new book “Into the Silence: The Great War, Mallory, and the Conquest of Everest.” Davis joins Boyd in the studio to chat about the book.
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00:09:00 Joshua Ponte Audio
National Geographic Emerging Explorer Joshua Ponte was a successful young English entrepreneur when, over breakfast one morning, his eye fell on a newspaper ad that said "Gorilla Reintroduction Program, Gabon." His life has never been the same since. Pursuing his passion for conservation, Ponte moved to a central African forest where 13 orphaned gorillas were being studied. Boyd talks with Ponte about the joys and dangers of raising young gorillas.
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00:11:00 Nathan Wolfe
National Geographic Emerging Explorer and virus hunter Nathan Wolfe says there is a disease pandemic lurking just around the corner. But, we can prepare ourselves. Wolfe says there are even ways to harness and use the power of viruses. Wolfe joins Boyd to talk about his new book, The Viral Storm: The Dawn of a New Pandemic Age, which is changing the way we think about viruses.
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00:11:00 Dereck and Beverly Joubert
National Geographic Explorers-in-Residence Dereck and Beverly Joubert capture astounding images of African wildlife in their beautiful films. The Jouberts live in the African bush alongside the lions and other animals they profile. They explain to Boyd that, because big cats are in such danger, their work is now focused on conservation projects such as the Cause an Uproar program.
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00:11:00 Lee Berger Audio
National Geographic grantee and paleoanthropologist Lee Berger has been searching for the fossils of human ancestors, but it was his 9-year-old son who stumbled upon the find of a lifetime: a partial skeleton that may very well change our understanding of the genus Homo.
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00:07:59 Brad Norman
Some go swimming with dolphins or stingrays, Brad Norman, National Geographic Emerging Explorer and marine conservationist, talks about swimming with the largest fish in the world: the whale shark. Norman speaks with Boyd about his research concerning whale shark habitats, tracking and conservation.
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00:11:00 Losang Rabgey
National Geographic Emerging Explorer Losang Rabgey has found her life's work in strengthening rural communities on the Tibetan plateau, which includes building schools to educate local students. Rabgey joins Boyd with updates on the successful work of Machik, the non-profit she founded and now directs.
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00:11:00 Sylvia Earle
National Geographic Explorer in Residence Sylvia Earle has been deeper undersea than any other woman. Earle is an oceanographer, explorer, author, lecturer, field scientist, and an inspiration to women around the world. She recently received the Royal Geographic Society’s 2011 Patron’s Medal. Boyd talks to Earle about some of her early dives in the Jim Suit.
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00:06:00 Valerie Clark
National Geographic grantee Valerie Clark licks frogs for a living. As Clark tells Boyd, she’s not looking for Prince Charming. Instead, she is studying how the diet of frogs in Madagascar relates to the toxicity of their skin.
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00:11:00 Bob Ballard
Boyd heads out of the studio to join National Geographic Explorer-in-Residence Bob Ballard aboard his vessel the E/V Nautilus. Currently in Turkey, Ballard tells Boyd about the many shipwrecks he is finding in the Mediterranean. You can follow Ballard and his team, live as they explore the ocean at www.nautiluslive.org.
