“Harness the plows, fit on the yokes, now that the womb of the earth is ready to sow the seed therein,” advises an Indian hymn from the ancient Rigveda texts. A rice farmer in southeastern India heeds the call. But it will take more than brute force to render the soil “ready to sow the seed.” Most rice paddies must be flooded to a depth of several inches throughout the growing season.

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