| 1. What was the essential drying and preserving agent used in Egyptian mummification?
a. natron
b. sodium nitrate
c. monosodium glutamate
2. Before being mummified, the body of the deceased was eviscerated. What is evisceration?
a. the draining of blood from the body
b. the shaving of hair from the body
c. the removal of organs from the body
3. What organ was left inside the body cavity of Egyptian mummies?
a. the heart
b. the lungs
c. the kidneys
4. What type of container served as the body’s eternal “home” ?
a. cartonnage
b. sarcophagus
c. canopic jar
5. Who were the Pazyryks?
a. the indigenous people of the Chagos Archipelago
b. an ancient tribe of horsemen who lived in southern Siberia
c. the ancestors of the Canaanites
6. What caused the mummification of the Pazyryks on the Siberian steppes?
a. dry desert sands
b. bonfires that raged around the body for 33 days
c. the freezing of rain or melted snow that flooded graves
7. What is a kurgan?
a. the burial mound of the Pazyryks
b. the coffin used by the Pazyryks
c. a linen shroud wrapped around the body in a Pazyryk burial
8. What animal was the standard of wealth in Pazyryk society and was commonly found buried with Pazyryk mummies?
a. sheep
b. pig
c. horse
9. Three mummies were recently found in the Andes mountains of Peru. The mummies are from the Inca empire, which flourished from the 15th to 16th centuries. The Inca believed the mountains were sacred and needed to be appeased when angered. How did they appease their mountain gods?
a. Mountain goats were sacrificed during elaborate rituals.
b. Those who had offended the gods or had wronged others were sacrificed.
c. They sometimes sacrificed boys and young women.
10. While embalming is believed to have originated with the Egyptians around 4000 B.C., the practice soon spread to other ancient cultures, including those of the Greeks and Romans, who incorporated local materials. Alexander the Great was embalmed in what city?
a. Alexandria
b. Babylon
c. Byzantium
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