This content is Subscriber-Exclusive
You must have a National Geographic subscription to explore this article.
Premium Content
From the Republic to the Empire, civitas—full Roman citizenship—was prized by those who had it and coveted by those who did not.
A denarius from from the late second-century B.C. shows Roman citizens voting. A voter (left) receives a tablet from the rogator (center). Votes are cast by placing the tablet in a basket, known as the cista (right).