Betta fish—also known as Siamese fighting fish—are among the oldest species of domesticated fish. Their scientific name, Betta splendens, combines two languages: Malay for “enduring fish,” and the Latin word for “shining.” This species, with its many varieties, is the most common betta fish found in aquariums and pet stores, but it has more than 70 relatives, including the endangered Betta miniopinna and Betta Persephone.

Although they are often considered to be easy pets, betta fish are sometimes mistreated by owners who aren’t aware of what they need to stay safe and healthy.

Betta fish originated from Thailand but can be found in nearby countries such as Malaysia, Indonesia, Vietnam, Laos,