Up to 600 million people in the world—one in 10—suffer a foodborne illness every year, the World Health Organization says today in the first-ever global estimate. Up to 420,000 die—and one-third of the deaths are in children younger than 5. That’s pretty significant, since kids make up less than one-tenth of the world’s population.

The numbers come from the WHO’s new report, Global Burden of Foodborne Diseases,Global Burden of Foodborne Diseases, released in Geneva today along with a raft of academic papers supporting its conclusions. It represents the global agency’s first attempt to quantify the problem of illness, death and disability caused by bacteria and viruses, toxins and chemicals, and parasites that travel on food.

“Until now, estimates of foodborne diseases were vague