Three visitors are pictured in front of an immersive art installation

What are NFTs, and how do they work?

From their environmental impact to how grifters are cashing in, here’s what you should know about non-fungible tokens.

Visitors take in “Machine Hallucinations — Space: Metaverse,” an immersive installation by media artist Refik Anadol, at a 2021 Hong Kong fair for digital art. The installation was minted as an NFT and auctioned online at Sotheby's for about $2.3 million.
Photograph by Tyrone Siu, Reuters
National Geographic will enter the NFT market with a limited time collection from 16 photographers. Check out the Nat Geo Genesis NFT Collection live here

In recent years, a new digital file format has promised to revolutionize how things can be owned, bought, and sold across the internet: the “non-fungible token,” or NFT for short. As interest in NFTs—essentially receipts or signatures for digital assets—continues to increase across the world, artists and publishers have started to experiment with the technology.

Want to know more about NFTs? We’ve got you covered.

To understand NFTs, it’s useful to understand their underlying technology: the blockchain.

Blockchains are computer protocols designed to get many computers to agree on the same sequence of transactions without trusting each other. Instead of using third parties to verify transactions, blockchains rely on economic incentives and cryptography to make faking a transaction expensive and easy to spot.

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