I am walking strangely. About a week ago, I pulled something to my left ankle, which now hurts during the part of each step just before the foot leaves the ground. As a result, my other muscles are compensating for this to minimise the pain and my gait has shifted to something subtly different from the norm. In similar ways, all animal brains can compensate for injuries by computing new ways of moving that are often very different. This isn’t a conscious process and as such, we often take it for granted.

But we can get a sense of how hard it actually is by trying to program a robot to do the same thing. It’s far from straightforward. Robots have