Picture of Chronobacter made with a scanning electron micrograph, showing the rod-shape of these bacteria.

The microbe behind the baby formula recall can be benign—or deadly

Cronobacter sakazakii, a little-known microbe, has evolved traits that make it difficult to destroy, posing a threat to our food safety.

Colored scanning electron micrograph of Cronobacter sakazakii bacteria. C. sakazakii is found in many environments, from soil to the human gut, and has been linked to infant meningitis and necrotizing enterocolitis, most likely via contamination of milk-based infant formula. It can also cause bloodstream and central nervous system infections with associated seizures, brain abscesses, and hydrocephalus. 
Photograph by Dennis Kunkel Microscopy, Science Source

The bacterium behind the baby formula recall, Cronobacter sakazakii, is less well-known than other food-borne pathogens like E. coli or Salmonella, but it can wreak havoc in vulnerable populations like newborns or people with compromised immune systems.

When two infants died earlier this year after drinking bacteria-contaminated baby formula produced by Abbot Nutrition, the tragedy sparked a sweeping recall, eventually shutting down the company’s Michigan-based plant. Parents and caregivers—already squeezed by pandemic-related supply chain hiccups—scrambled to feed their babies. The deaths, and the shortage that followed, exposed weaknesses in the food safety system in the United States when pitted against C. sakazakii.

Fortunately, infection with this “nasty little bug”—which kills between 50 and 80 percent of infected newborns—is relatively

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