With an estimated cost of $24 billion to the U.S. economy, the shutdown's effects on researchers are also expected to continue well beyond the short term.

Now that everyone's returned to work, here's a roundup of the immediate fallout for science research.

With workers furloughed, the NIH Clinical Center severely reduced enrollment of new patients in clinical trials. During the first week of October, the center enrolled 12 patients with life-threatening conditions. Under normal circumstances, approximately 200 new patients are enrolled per week.

The shutdown also halted roughly 11,000 NIH research grant application reviews. In all, "over 200 review meetings had to be canceled and thousands of reviewers had to change their travel plans," wrote Sally Rockey, NIH's deputy director