<p><strong>Sporting a spur on its heel, the aptly named cowboy frog is 1 of 46 potentially new species found during recent expeditions in the tiny South American country of<a href="http://travel.nationalgeographic.com/travel/countries/suriname-guide/"> Suriname</a>, scientists announced this week.</strong></p><p>For three weeks in 2010, scientists roamed three pristine <a href="http://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/habitats/rainforest-profile/">rain forests</a> near the southwestern village of<a href="http://maps.nationalgeographic.com/maps/map-machine#s=h&amp;c=2.5479878714713706, -56.471786499023445&amp;z=10"> Kwamalasumutu (map)</a>.</p><p>The surveys, which documented nearly 1,300 species, were part of Conservation International's <a href="https://learning.conservation.org/biosurvey/RAP/Pages/default.aspx">Rapid Assessment Program</a> (RAP), which typically sends small teams of scientists into remote habitats for intense, monthlong surveys.</p><p>Despite two decades of surveys, RAP has "a long way to go and not enough time," program director Trond Larsen said by email.</p><p>"It's imperative that we understand which species exist and where they live if we are to prevent them from becoming extinct."</p><p>(Related<a href="http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2011/04/pictures/110418-20-surprising-species-yoda-bat-walking-shark-science-animals-biggest-spider/"> pictures: "20 Surprising Species of the Past 20 Years."</a>)</p><p><em>—Christine Dell'Amore</em></p>