This content is Subscriber-Exclusive
You must have a National Geographic subscription to explore this article.
Why Timbuktu's true treasure is its libraries
This storied African city grew from a nomads’ camp into a wealthy cosmopolitan center of wisdom and learning enriched by trade in gold and salt.
The hands of Timbuktu bibliophile Ahmad Bul Araf cradle the pages of a 16th-century Muslim text.
Go Further
Animals
- How can you tell if a wild animal really needs your help?How can you tell if a wild animal really needs your help?
- Fireflies are vanishing—but you can help protect themFireflies are vanishing—but you can help protect them
- Could this simple plan save Africa's most mysterious cat?Could this simple plan save Africa's most mysterious cat?
- This ray is vanishing from our oceans—and being made into jewelryThis ray is vanishing from our oceans—and being made into jewelry
Environment
- Why are so many dead whales washing up on the East Coast?Why are so many dead whales washing up on the East Coast?
- What the Air Quality Index measures—and what to do when it’s code redWhat the Air Quality Index measures—and what to do when it’s code red
- Seaweed may play a big role in the fight against climate changeSeaweed may play a big role in the fight against climate change
History & Culture
- Discover Austin, Texas, with a Nat Geo photographer, Video Story
- Paid Content for Advertiser
Discover Austin, Texas, with a Nat Geo photographer - Soccer is the world's most popular sport. But who invented it?Soccer is the world's most popular sport. But who invented it?
- 2,000 years of shipwrecks discovered on ancient sea route2,000 years of shipwrecks discovered on ancient sea route
Science
- 5 green towers inspired by nature and striving to protect it
- Paid Content for Advertiser
5 green towers inspired by nature and striving to protect it - Sugar doesn’t actually make kids hyper—here’s why so many believe it doesSugar doesn’t actually make kids hyper—here’s why so many believe it does
- When it’s too cold, these octopuses just rewire their brainsWhen it’s too cold, these octopuses just rewire their brains
- What is yerba mate—and is this caffeinated drink really good for you?What is yerba mate—and is this caffeinated drink really good for you?
- Is organic food healthier? That’s the wrong question.Is organic food healthier? That’s the wrong question.
Travel
- 5 of the best new nature books to explore the UK's wild isles.5 of the best new nature books to explore the UK's wild isles.
- 4 wild and wonderful places for outdoor adventures in Canada4 wild and wonderful places for outdoor adventures in Canada
- Discover Austin, Texas, with a Nat Geo photographer, Video Story
- Paid Content for Advertiser
Discover Austin, Texas, with a Nat Geo photographer