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Why looking at Earth from above is our most critical space mission

Climate scientist Michael Mann muses on seminal weather satellite NOAA-20—and what the perspective from space teaches us about our home.

NOAA-20 is the first in a new series of four highly advanced polar-orbiting environmental satellites operated by the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).

Illustration by NOAA
This essay is an entry in our "Dear Spacecraft" series, where we ask writers, scientists, and astronomy enthusiasts to share why they feel personally connected to robotic space explorers.

Dear NOAA-20:

I know you don’t have a catchy name like Voyager or Cassini, but I appreciate you all the same. Unlike your extrovert cousins, you are an introvert—inward-looking, focused on just one planet. But it’s an important one, the only planet we know of so far in the universe that is home to life: Earth.

As you orbit over the Poles, your role is to measure the “energy balance” that governs Earth’s temperature. With one eye looking down, you measure the outgoing heat escaping from the surface and atmosphere. With the other eye looking up, you measure the incoming solar radiation that heats Earth from above. Subtracting the former from the latter, you estimate the net heating of the

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